Grief
- In patients who have experienced a loss prepare them for the types of reactions (e.g., emotional, physical, varying length) they may have.
- In all grieving patients, especially those with a prolonged or complex grief reaction:
- Inquire about depression, suicidal ideation, self-medication, and alcohol and substance use
- Consider the requirement for additional treatments or referral
- Recognize that grief reactions may vary based on the individual’s context and experiences; life cycle and developmental stages; and cultural and family contexts.
- In patients with presentations suggestive of grief reactions without obvious triggers look for triggers that may be unique to each patient (e.g., death of a pet, loss of a job, reactions to anniversary).
- In patients with unexplained or unresponsive physical or mental health concerns; alcohol or substance use; or functional or behavioural change ask about loss and/or grief as possible contributing factors.
General Overview
General Overview
- Adaptive response to loss (includes physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and spiritual responses)
- Acute grief can be intense and disruptive, but usually is integrated over time (usually 6-12 months)
- Complicated grief is a form of acute grief that is abnormally prolonged, intense, and disabling
- In grief, symptoms come in waves (mixed with positive memories) and decreases over time, daily function is difficult initially but manageable
- Denial, anger, disbelief, yearning, anxiety, sadness, helplessness, guilt, sleep and appetite changes, fatigue, and social withdrawal
- Differentiate from depression
- Severe persistent symptoms, persistent decreased function, suicidal ideation
- Management
- Acknowledge the loss and the associated grief
- Actively listen to and explore patients' concerns, reinforce patients' strengths in coping with their illness
- Encourage external sources of support including family, friends, and faith communities, or support groups
- Consider psychotherapy if requests or in complicated grief
References:
- AAFP 2012. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0801/p259.html